How can I transfer in my app from the App Store to my MacBook Pro so that I could program it?

Only the object code is stored on the App Store.

The source code is not available there, even if you submitted it to Apple.

You need to fix the problem with Migrating your files, and then it may be possible to continue development of your App.

¿What is the date of your latest Backup? and by what method?

Did you dispose of your old Mac before you moved to the new one, or do you still have it?

I ask because if the files are still on your old Mac, you can connect it to the new one and pull your files off directly, skipping the corrupted backup.

How to move your content to a new Mac - Apple Support

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You are learning "the hard way" why an independent external drive with a backup copy of your files is NOT optional, it is essential.

Time Machine (already on you Mac) would be happy to make one for you, and continue to make hourly incremental backups in the background, without disturbing your important work. When you need it, that extra copy of you files will be there.

You need to supply a drive, at least 2.5 times the size of what you want to save, in an external enclosure or adapter. That drive does not benefit from being particularly fast.