Yes.
You might try installing Catalina from a bootable external drive, as a USB flash drive or USB external hard drive or ssd.
Here is an Apple Support document that details the process.
How to create a bootable installer for macOS - Apple Support
Before you do the above, however, you should consider running the EtreCheck diagnostic app. There may be something else confounding the upgrade installation, an anti-virus app or adware or other malware.
EtreCheck is an awesome little diagnostic app that gathers and displays important debugging information about your Macintosh and allows you to copy that information to the Clipboard. It is very highly regarded here in the Support Community. It was written by a respected member and meant to be used with Apple Support Communities to help others help you troubleshoot and resolve your Mac problems.
Please navigate your way to the Mac App Store OR to EtreCheck.com and download the free version of EtreCheck. Once you’ve installed and run the app and created the report please post it with your reply to this message. For best results please give EtreCheck full drive access upon installation.
For instructions on how to attach your EtreCheck report to your reply, please click How to use Add Text when posting…
We can then use the EtreCheck report to look for the more obvious issues that may be causing your problem and advise how to correct them.
d.i.
