I posted this after having this issue and ultimately figuring out the fix myself. To resolve it, I ended up going into the Library files on my Mac to remove the local data.
Before performing the following steps, you should make a backup of your contacts just in case anything goes wrong.
- Close the Contacts app
- Open iCloud settings in System Preferences (Apple Menu > System Preferences > Apple ID)
- Uncheck Contacts
- In Finder, type Command-Shift-G or click on the Go menu and select "Go to Folder"
- Copy and past the following text into the dialog box
~/Library/Application\ Support/Address\ Book
- Delete the following files:
- AddressBook-v22.abcddb
- AddressBook-v22.abcddb-shm
- AddressBook-v22.abcddb-wal
- Open the Sources folder
- Open each folder inside the Sources folder and delete all copies of the above listed files
- Open Contacts
- Open iCloud settings in System Preferences (Apple Menu > System Preferences > Apple ID)
- Check Contacts
- Your data should sync from iCloud. If it doesn't, you may need to restore your contacts from your backup.