How to get Apple Care

Apple Care+ can only be added to a device within 60 days of having purchased it new. Not later.

On new devices Apple will pop up the Apple Care offer in the Settings App after setting the iPhone, iPad or Mac up.

Apple also offers Apple Care+ when purchasing on line at the moment of device configuration, and Apple employees should offer Apple Care when buying in store.

Link-> AppleCare Products - iPhone - Apple

You would not have been able to get Apple Care+ on a broken iPhone either.

Yes, Apple can fix the broken iPhone or replace it entirely for a fee. It will not be free, even if you did have Apple Care+. It just would have been a lower fee with Apple Care+.

You would need to contact a 3rd party insurance company in Brazil that can insure the iPhone then.

Apple won't sell you Apple Care+ after 60 days have passed since you bought it. It does not matter if you have it fixed. they'll give you a temporary warranty after the repair to cover the fix but no option for Apple Care+.

If Apple Care+ is not available in you country, then there’s no way for you to buy it