Can Siri on iOS 17.2 respond to different voices?

The iPhone is a single user device to recognize only the owner, but the HomePod is capable of recognizing multiple users since it can be set up as a shared device by adding those users to the Home app. In that case, each user can play their own music, messages, or get other personal information. It will recognize up to 6 different people.

Set up voice recognition and Personal Requests - Apple Support