Can I access previous iCloud backups after storage issues?

does icloud backup have information from past days even thought my icloud was full?

For example, wife transfered and deleted info from my old iphone to a new iphone 4 days ago.

Lost my microsoft authenticators informantion (accounts on the app, now im stuck in a loop where i cant access those accounts, because i dont have them on my microsoft authenticator app)

if i buy icloud storage do that backup will have that information stored?

tks

Jimmy