how to check mac book air hard disk for errors

Raj Rohlania (Author)

..Well, there are a few diagnostic utilities that may help

determine symptoms of some underlying issues in Mac

and some run an initial test, for free..

I've had fair results just looking into storage drives with

DriveDX and some in this Community had suggested it.

How to use DriveDx - Apple Community

//discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-250004005

Other things may or not be acting up in your Mac storage

or affect aspects of a working running system ~ at times.

Backup your data on external drives, and also use 'Time

Machine', to create automatic backups to restore from.

EtreCheck is a diagnostic non-invasive free test tool

and it can help sort things out; helps to locate stuff..

https://www.etrecheck.com/en/index.html

..to determine what could be acting up. I've used both

of these, for different reasons. And I keep them too.

When using EtreCheck and getting a report ready to

share in the Apple Community, this whole report can

be uploaded to the Reply window in your discussion.

How to use the Add Text Feature When Posting Large Amounts

of Text, i.e. an EtreCheck Report - Apple Community

//discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-250000211

[Study details on how-to-upload your report into

ASC reply box, and it share with this Community.]

PS:

A helpful item to learn how to use is Safe mode on startup.

•Start up your Mac in safe mode - Apple Support

•How to Boot Your Mac in Safe Mode - MUO

This is an internal Apple macOS routine that can

help; and does 'almost magical things' at times.

Hardware errors on the SSD drive ?

You can follow the suggestions from @ K. Shaffer

But what happens if you find Hardware errors on the drive ?

Replace the drive ?

Not possible.

The SSD Drive is soldered to the Logicboard

To replace the SSD drive would require replacing the Logicboard