Upon review, my initial reply omitted the reasons behind the post.
Regret any confusion caused.
To restate:
There is a possibility that you’ll not regain access to your device; to include any data which might be currently on the device.
If so - while it’s unfortunately too late to backup now - all is not necessarily “lost.”
Apple’s default iOS behavior automatically backs-up (and iCloud syncs) your phone to iCloud in commonly encountered situations.
It does this “in the background” without any action required on your part.
If this “background” function has executed normally, your phone may indeed be backed-up.
So … IF an automated backup has indeed occurred … and IF you indeed need a replacement phone …
… you can restore any backed-up data onto your replacement phone as explained here:
Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support
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