Where is my iPhone backup in icloud

On an iOS device logged in to the same Apple ID go to Settings/[your name]/iCloud and tap on iCloud Storage. Backups should appear in the list, which is sorted in reverse order of size. If you tap on Backups you can see the devices that have been backed up. If you tap on a backup you can see what it includes.

On the new phone you will be prompted to restore a computer or iCloud backup. If you use the same Apple ID on the new phone that you had on the old, the phone will magically find the iCloud backup.