When you edit on your iPad you are using Apple's "Photos" app which is installed on the iPad. You can download photos from iCloud to your Windows computer by using the internet browser on the computer and logging in to www.icloud.com or you can install and use iCloud for Windows to download the photos. See: Set up and use iCloud Photos on your Windows PC - Apple Support
Either of those methods will result in the photos being available on your Windows computer but Apple does not have any photo editing software that runs on Windows. Windows 10 has built in applications for that or you can use a 3rd party application.