can i recover permanently deleted photos from my icloud backup without losing all my data on my phone

If you have a backup that does include all of the photos that you permanently deleted, you can restore that backup in order to recover the photos. However, if your backup is six weeks old, all of the data from the last six weeks will be overwritten by restoring the backup. When you restore a backup, you restore all of the content that was on the device on that date and time.

If you backup with iCloud automatically every day and the backup that contains those photos is older than two days old, those photos may be gone anyway.