How do I pull old text messages from my ICloud storage account

The setting for how long messages are kept are determined by the setting in the messaging app on your device. Settings, messages, keep messages and the options are 30 days, 1 year or forever.

If those messages have been deleted, then they are gone and cannot be recovered.

If you’re using messages in iCloud and are keeping messages forever, then whatever is in iCloud will be in your message app on your device(s). There is nowhere that any messages are archived when using messages in iCloud.

Use Messages in iCloud - Apple Support