Can I charge laptop with iPhone charger

If you have a 2017 MacBook, it came with a 30W USB-C power adapter. If you have another notebook model, it could be considerably higher. For example, the 16-inch 2021 MacBook Pro uses a 140W USB-C adapter.

You don't mention which iPhone adapter (they are not chargers) you are considering using. However, none of the Apple-provided USB-C adapters can provide the 30W that would potentially power the MacBook.

Ref: About Apple USB power adapters - Apple Support

Do not think so, because the Electrical Power from the iPhone Charger will not supply enough Voltage to charge the Apple Laptop.

If the connections match and the wattage is appropriate, any charger will work. But then what you'd have is a MacBook Pro or Air charger

No. The iPhone charger doesn't have the proper connection plug nor the needed amount of power.