backup and storage
how can I back up photos stored on my MacBook
iPhone 11 Pro, iOS 15
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You can sync them by using iCloud Photos -- see Set up and use iCloud Photos - Apple Support
Note that syncing has many advantages of a backup, including having an offsite copy. However if you delete a photo, accidentally or otherwise, you only have 30 days to recover it.
Another option is to use Time Machine or 3rd party backup software such as Carbon Copy Cloner and backup to an external drive. See: Back up your Mac with Time Machine - Apple Support and/or https://bombich.com/