iCloud sign in on Windows not working

I've had this problem before, and I can't remember how I was helped to fix it.

I x'd the box to remain signed in to icloud, but I got signed out and now am having the same problem I did before.

The log in dialog allows me to enter my apple ID, but won't go to the next screen where I can enter my password.

I have reset my password on my phone for my apple ID.

I also went to the icloud settings on my PC, and went through the process of clicking the approve button and getting "approval from my device"

The arrow you click to go to the next page on the icloud sign in stays grayed out.

Why is this happening?