Can you track my iPhone

This document has a list of things to do if your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolen. --> If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolen - Apple Support

- The Find My service described in the article is the only recovery feature Apple offers. It must be set up before the device is lost.

If Find My iPhone is offline or not working click on the link to get help when you don't see your device listed, or you see an unexpected device or an alert that says your device is offline. --> If Find My is offline or not working - Apple Support

To my knowledge with iOS 15, iPhone models 11 and up will transmit their location even when powered off if you have already chosen to enable “Find My network” in your settings.

So if you login into the same Apple ID used on your iPhone here https://www.icloud.com/find, you should be able to find it's last pinged location? Not sure if this still works without a phone number however but worth a try.

Without a telephone number it could only be able to report its location by connecting to a known wi-fi service. With a dead battery there is no power to connect to anything that would be able to report its location at all.