I, too, had this same issue, and Apple Support stated to then have my OS to be reinstalled.
It took a while to try to narrow this down, but using the Better Display Pro software, I was able to find that my role for my TV was already set as a Computer monitor. And before this the System Information stated that the display is a Television.
So, using the software above, I set it to Television, nothing happened, but then changed to Computer monitor and then the Screen Mirroring finally went away.
I've rebooted to make sure it was persistent, and it's still gone, which is great.
I think the update must have seen that, yes, there is a TV plugged in, the update probably configured it as a TV, even though it was slated as a Computer monitor on 15.1, got a configuration mixup, and caused it thinking that it was in perma Screen Mirroring.
Quite annoying, but it's all good now.