I had seen that 15.4.1 didn't seem to fix the issue, but my MacBook Pro didn't shut anything down automatically for at least a couple days after I installed the update. Then, suddenly, I came back to it after a couple hours yesterday afternoon and it had shut down Mona, Tapestry, and Messages while I was away (so, that's one Apple app, one 3rd party Mac app, and one iPad app).
Also, to clarify: the apps in question are not "crashing" (there is no "XXX shut down unexpectedly" message), they're being shut down automatically by macOS in much the same way that iOS/iPadOS automatically shut down apps to preserve RAM or battery. However, this is new behavior in macOS 15.4 - I haven't seen macOS automatically managing system load by shutting apps down previously, though Apple has been preparing to possibly enable it for some time (by allowing you to turn off the indicator for running apps in the Dock). Like many here, I keep a lot of apps open (I use Mission Control/Spaces pretty heavily), but if you turn off that running apps indicator and usually use one app at a time via the Dock, you might never notice this happening.
Ironically, this is kind of a variation on the bad habit some people have of force quitting apps on iOS/iPadOS to "preserve their battery", which just causes a heavier battery hit when the apps are restarted from scratch every time. In this case, though, it's macOS shutting apps down on devices that generally have more resources than mobile devices, and might even be plugged in.
Finally, if apps are immediately shutting down when you try to open them or your entire OS crashed, you're dealing with a different problem.