mgraffeo wrote:
I have put both Mac OS 10.10.5 and 10.11 on my (previously erased) Samsung 2TB drive.
What exactly did you put on the SSD? The downloaded DMG file? That won't help you at all unless you can have a working host Mac generally from 2007-2015 where you can run the included .pkg file to extract the real installer app into the Applications folder of the host Mac.
Here is an Apple article for downloading various versions of macOS installer including multiple steps needed for extracting the real macOS 10.10 & 10.11 installers from the .pkg/DMG into the Applications folder so that you can use the Terminal commands to actually make the bootable USB installer.
How to download and install macOS - Apple Support
Create a bootable installer for macOS - Apple Support
Also, my 2016 MacBook Pro says that it cannot download older versions of OS and stopped the download! Now, I will try my 2009 Mac Pro!
The 2016 MBPro should be able to do download both the macOS 10.13 and 10.14 installers.
However, you cannot run the installer app after the download completes if you have a later version of macOS installed. And running the installer app is not necessary since you only need to use the Terminal commands once the full installer app has been downloaded into the Applications folder.
Make sure the size of the downloaded installer found within the Applications folder is about 6.x GB in size. If it is only about 25MB in size, then it is only a stub installer. Let us know if this is the case since we will need to offer you instructions for using the command line to download the full 10.14.x installer.
Edit: Forget my reference to macOS 10.15 Catalina since a Mac Pro 2012 can only run up to macOS 10.14 Mojave. However everything else still applies. I've edited my response accordingly.
Edit 2: Changed reference of 2007-2025 to 2007-2015 since there is no way a 2025 Mac can run 10.11.