Depends on what you mean by "syncing".
In the normal sense of transferring information back and forth, they don't really sync.
Continuity features may allow the iPad to place calls when the iPhone is nearby.
Message Forwarding does not require the iPhone be near by or on the same Wi-fi network however.
Other Continuity features require the iPad and iPhone to be on the same Wi-fi network.
Things like Contacts, notes, calendar, email iCloud Drive files, iCloud photos and iCloud music can sync between the devices over the internet and don't require the devices to be close to each other.
What exactly is not syncing?
Please be specific about what is not happening that you think should.
iPhones and iPads interact in different ways, and the options they have have different requirements.
click here ➜ Continuity features and requirements for Apple devices - Apple Support