In my installation of Monterey 12.7.6 and Pages v13.1, I have the same Data Format settings and receive 2-digit cents for each dollar entry. In System Preferences > Language & Region, it is set to English as the preferred language; United States, and the currency example on that panel shows 2-digit cents. For those highlighted cells, and if relevant, check your formulas and the functions used to confirm rounding to a single digit is not involved.
For macOS Sequoia v15.5 and Pages v14.4, with the same settings, I get 2-digit cents for U.S. currency. That is by default with the observed settings.
If you are actively sharing word processing documents with those that use MS Word, then yes, you should be using Word to sustain native document formatting and avoid the functionality gap of document translation that Pages performs on export to Word.