Having looked at this again, I am now inclined to believe that the behavior you are experiencing is correct.
Let me try to explain.
When you copy a file in Finder, and paste in Preview, what is pasted is the file icon.
Now you may be saying "that's what I am doing, and I only get the generic png icon!".
So why do I think it's correct?
Select said png from your desktop and press Command-I. What do you see in Get Info?
The icon there IS the generic png icon. What is happening is that Finder identitifies (some) image file types,
and (depending on your settings) automatically displays a thumbnail of the image instead of its icon.
Now if you copy a file that has an icon - like, say, Safari.app, and then paste into Preview, you DO get the Safari icon;
or, if you copy an image file (or some other file) to which you assigned a custom icon, and then paste, you DO get the custom icon.
So while the behavior you were expecting would be nice, there is a logical reason why it is not working.
Finder copies the whole information about a file to the clipboard, and Preview when pasting this gets the icon
as an image.