Try this:
QuickTime Player > Services Settings... > Restore Defaults.
Or make a dummy user and see if Quicktime Player works in that account.
If that works, try to reset QuickTime preferences in your account: Quit Quicktime Player. Choose Finder > Go > Go to Folder... [Shift-Command-G], paste the following line, and press the Return key:
~/Library/Containers/com.apple.QuickTimePlayerX/Data/Library/Preferences/
Then try if moving QuickTime preference file from that folder to the Desktop folder helps helps (just in case before deleting it):
com.apple.QuickTimePlayerX.plist
This might also be worth trying:
Settings > Desktop and Dock > Click wallpaper to reveal desktop: "Only in stage manager"
Settings > Desktop and Dock > Stage Manager: OFF