In Tahoe 26.1, there are no settings in Preview to control the behavior you seek. Instead…
A single click on a table cell in Preview selects that cell. If there are just rows of text in that cell, then a double-click selects the first word and a triple-click selects all words in that first row of text in the cell.
If the cell contains numbers, a triple-click will select the first row of numerical data whether that is a single number, or a hyphenated range of numbers.
The software that originates the PDF may play a role in how the PDF content is written, and the degree with which Preview interprets that PDF structure and enables your interaction.