External screen not connected. "Accessory partially enabled"

I have a Samsung ultrawide screen (LC34H890WJUXXE) and Macbook Pro 2024 with M4 Pro chip.

I have connected the screen to my Macbook with a cable, that came with the screen. It looks like a USB-C cable (I know that it's not but it doesn't have any markings on it, and these names of these cables are out of control so I have no idea what cable it actually is). And everything has worked perfectly until the latest software update to Tahoe 26.1. With previous macOS it shared my screen and charged my laptop. Only one cable connected, perfect.

Now after the latest macOS update it just charges the laptop. Screen says "no USB-C input device connected" and goes to sleep. With HDMI cable it works, but that doesn't charge my laptop, so now I have to connect two cables to my laptop. When I connect that "USB-C cable", laptop says "Accessory partially enabled".

I searched with the message but all I can find is that

A) Either the cable is broken. It's not. Still connects my PC to the screen.

B) Or I need to get a new cable with specs that are impossible to understand.

Thunderbolt 5 cable seems to be the most commonly suggested, but before I spend 70 dollars for a new cable, I would like to ask, that is that the absolutely only way to get this combo working? Can there be some problems on the screen with it? I mean will my screen for sure support this new cable? Or would Thunderbolt 4 be enough? Is This just another time Apple has just decided that his cable is not powerful enough, even though it has worked perfectly until now?