How to clone a new Mac from an old one like an iPad?

To move you settings and data to a new Mac.

see > Transfer to a new Mac with Migration Assistant - Apple Support

Migration Assistant transfers your settings and data from your old Mac or Time Machine backup to the new Mac.

If you have a TimeMachine backup, you can restore personal settings, files, apps and other data on your new Mac.

You will be notified by the Migration Assistent, if apps or other files aren't compatible with the newer macOS.

Have a look at the related articles:

Restore your Mac from a backup - Apple Support

Back up your Mac with Time Machine - Apple Support