Time Machine backup slows after Tahoe upgrade

Time Machine stopped working for me a few weeks ago.


I have three external hard drives that I use for backup and I rotate the three. After upgrading to Tahoe a few weeks ago, I successfully backed up to the first drive in my rotation. However, when I went to backup to the second, it got stuck for a very long time. It did not get stuck in the "preparing backup" phase. Instead, after copying a few gigs relatively quickly, it slowed to a crawl...we're talking a few megabytes per hour. I know that sometimes Time Machine has to delete old backups, so I let it sit...for six nights! Six nights later, it was still crawling at a few MB an hour, not having even progressed a gig in six days. I've had Time Machine get stuck for hours cleaning out old backups, but never days.


Maybe something's wrong with my second backup drive, I thought, so I'll try the third in my rotation. Same problem, so the problem wasn't the drive.


Then I decided to try a fresh backup. I reformatted a 2TB hard drive (to back up about 400GB from a 512GB machine). Same problem. Time Machine copied the first 250GB or so quickly, then slowed to a crawl. Obviously, the problem isn't that Time Machine is clearing up space on the backup drive because this was a large and empty drive.


I've tried other things...


--I restated my Mac. No difference.


--I read somewhere that you need space on the drive being backed up, not just the target drive, so I hand copied about 50GB of data off my Mac's hard drive. Even with the extra empty space on the source, the problem did not go away.


--Given that the fresh backup got through 250 GB before slowing down, I thought that maybe Time Machine is having trouble accessing something on my hard drive, so I ran Disk Utility to see if it found any problems. Other than a few minor things, it found none, and the problem continued afterwards.


I do not have any antivirus software installed. I have not changed anything on my Mac recently other than installing Tahoe, and even that isn't necessarily the culprit because, as mentioned above, I backed up once successfully after upgrading.


Any suggestions? I'm very frustrated. Thanks.





Posted on Jan 5, 2026 4:45 PM

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Posted on Jan 7, 2026 12:47 AM

This is not like a bad drive or a Time Machine bug, it looks like Tahoe stressing APFS snapshots on a nearly full internal disk. With only -41 GB free on a 512 GB SSD, macOS is juggling local Time Machine snapshots, APFS copy-on-write blocks, and snapshot thinning while trying to stream data out, and once it hits older, more fragmented snapshot ranges, throughput can collapse to KB or MB per hour without ever saying “preparing.”


The giveaway is that every backup flies until roughly the same point, even on a fresh disk. Tahoe seems more aggressive about local snapshots than previous releases, so you’re effectively backing up a moving target with no scratch space.


Temporarily free up a lot more space, think 80–100 GB, then explicitly flush local snapshots with tmutil listlocalsnapshots / and tmutil deletelocalsnapshots <date> (or disable local snapshots briefly), reboot, and run the backup again.


If it completes normally after that, you’ve confirmed the bottleneck is snapshot churn, not hardware. Long term, keep at least 15–20% of the internal SSD truly free or Time Machine on newer macOS will keep falling off this same performance cliff.

7 replies
Question marked as Top-ranking reply

Jan 7, 2026 12:47 AM in response to TC_

This is not like a bad drive or a Time Machine bug, it looks like Tahoe stressing APFS snapshots on a nearly full internal disk. With only -41 GB free on a 512 GB SSD, macOS is juggling local Time Machine snapshots, APFS copy-on-write blocks, and snapshot thinning while trying to stream data out, and once it hits older, more fragmented snapshot ranges, throughput can collapse to KB or MB per hour without ever saying “preparing.”


The giveaway is that every backup flies until roughly the same point, even on a fresh disk. Tahoe seems more aggressive about local snapshots than previous releases, so you’re effectively backing up a moving target with no scratch space.


Temporarily free up a lot more space, think 80–100 GB, then explicitly flush local snapshots with tmutil listlocalsnapshots / and tmutil deletelocalsnapshots <date> (or disable local snapshots briefly), reboot, and run the backup again.


If it completes normally after that, you’ve confirmed the bottleneck is snapshot churn, not hardware. Long term, keep at least 15–20% of the internal SSD truly free or Time Machine on newer macOS will keep falling off this same performance cliff.

Jan 5, 2026 6:58 PM in response to TC_

TC_ wrote:
--I read somewhere that you need space on the drive being backed up, not just the target drive, so I hand copied about 50GB of data off my Mac's hard drive. Even with the extra empty space on the source, the problem did not go away.

How much free space is on your internal drive? Not what macOS reports as 'available' in Get Info on the drive or System Settings > General > Storage, but what is reported by Disk Utility or in System Settings > General > About > System Report.

Time Machine backup slows after Tahoe upgrade

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