Safari icon got deleted from my iPhone

It is very unlikely because Safari is one of the base apps that cannot be deleted ...

On your iPhone, can you search for Safari ... if it shows up, then it's definitely there, perhaps misplaced in a folder or moved to another location.

Safari definitely can disappear from your phone. This happened to me recently when I had to re-boot my phone. I was able to go into Screen Time and under Content & Privacy Restrictions, I found Safari was not selected/active. I selected it and the app came back onto my home screen. Just a note - searching for the app was not helpful.

Safari cannot be deleted. Check your Screen Time Restrictions, please.