How can I remove deleted Apple ID account from my iPhone?

To find out 'How to delete your Apple ID account' and what happens when you do, click here --> https://support.apple.com/HT208504

"Make sure that you sign out of all your devices to avoid issues with apps that use your Apple ID account or iCloud. After your account is deleted, you can't sign out of iCloud or turn off Find My iPhone Activation Lock on your devices. If you forget to sign out, you might not be able to use your device when your account is deleted."

You can see if the activation lock service can help --> https://al-support.apple.com/#/additional-support

If you deleted your Apple ID, you will no longer be able to sign up to any devices you’re currently using, of course you won’t be able to sign out too.

For a short period of time after you requested to delete your account, you can still withdraw the request by contact Apple Support via the instructions on the “Delete your account” page. After that period, your account, as well as all data associated with it, are permanently removed from Apple server.

You should have logged out all of your devices and services prior to deleting your account. Because it’s no longer possible to sign out once the account is deleted.