How can I back up my iPhone without backing up photos??

You can't do a selective backup on iTunes.

iCloud backup doesn’t include information that is synced and stored in iCloud, like Contacts, Calendars, Bookmarks, Mail, Notes, Voice Memos, Messages*, shared photos, iCloud Photos*, Health data, call history, and files you store in iCloud Drive.

*-If you had turned on Messages in iCloud & iCloud Photos, your content is automatically stored in iCloud and is available on all devices that use the same Apple ID

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