How do I wipe all data off of Mac mini 2010 to install a newer macOS?

10.13 High Sierra is the highest macOS that can be installed on a 2010 Mac Mini.

If you need 10.13 High Sierra, you can get it from > https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211683

Here is some additional information for you. Installing a newer version of the operating system is called an upgrade. You don't have to wipe anything. Just download the installation file and then it will install itself over the old OS. No problem.