transfer a backup

There are two places where you could have kept the backup (iTunes or iCloud)

Here are the 2 processes to restore your device from the Backup (iTunes or iCloud)...

Restore your device from an iCloud backup

1. Turn on your device. ... 
2. Follow the onscreen setup steps until you reach the Apps & Data screen, then tap Restore from iCloud Backup.
3. Sign in to iCloud with your Apple ID.
4. Choose a backup.

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Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup ...

Restore your device from a backup on your computer

1. On a Mac with macOS Catalina 10.15 or later, open Finder. On a Mac with macOS Mojave 10.14 or earlier, or on a PC, open iTunes.
2. Connect your device to your computer with a USB cable.* If a message asks for your device passcode or to Trust This Computer, follow the onscreen steps. If you forgot your passcode, get help.
3. Select your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch when it appears in the Finder window or iTunes. If your device doesn't appear, learn what to do.
4. 
5. Select Restore Backup. If a message says that your device's software is too old, learn what to do. 
6. Look at the date of each backup and pick the most relevant.
7. Click Restore and wait for the restore time to finish. If asked, enter the password for your encrypted backup.
8. 
9. Keep your device connected after it restarts and wait for it to sync with your computer. You can disconnect after the sync finishes.
10. Get help restoring from a backup.

If you have already set up the new iPhone then the data created during this period will be lost if you use any of the three processes given below

iPhone to iPhone, there are three ways,

1. Quick Transfer --> Use QuickStart to transfer data to a new iPhone, iPad or iPod ...
2. Restore from iCloud Backup --> Restore or set up your device from an iCloud backup - Apple ...
3. Restore from iTunes backup --> Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch in iTunes on PC ...

Instead, try transferring data manually. One by One

1. If your old iPhone had iCloud enabled Optimised storage enabled then please do the same on the new device too. Check if you have enough iCloud Storage if you are using another Apple ID.
2. Messages, Media, Voice Memo, Keychain --> Turn on Messages in iCloud & iCloud Photos, Voice Memo, Keychain, and your content is automatically stored in iCloud and is available on all devices that use the same Apple ID including iCloud Drive
3. Contacts --> Contacts are not stored on an iPhone nor on SIM, they are synced to  Google, iCloud, AOL, Exchange, Outlook, Yahoo or any Other. Use the email account that is in your old iPhone.
4. Notes, Reminders, Calendars --> You may sync all these from any of the email accounts that you have on your old iPhone. they can be synced using  Google, iCloud, AOL, Exchange, Outlook, Yahoo or any Other.
5. Email Accounts --> Add them in the iOS mail app manually one by one. If the email accounts were added through a Profile added by your organisations then you need to contact your organisation's system administrator or --> Install or remove configuration profiles on iPhone - Apple ...
6. Any Specific Files --> Upload to Cloud Drives (iCloud Drive, Google Drive, OneDrive, DropBox, Flickr, box, AmazonDrive, Adobe Creative Cloud and Use Files app on your new iPhone too.
7. Apps & Settings --> In any way they have to be redownloaded using the App Store. Even you had used any of the 3 processes mentioned earlier. Apart from the Apps following will also not get transferred.
   1. Content from the iTunes and App Stores or PDFs downloaded directly to Apple Books
   2. Content synced from iTunes, like imported MP3s or CDs, videos, books, and photos
   3. Data already stored in iCloud, like iCloud Photos, iMessages, and text (SMS) and multimedia (MMS) messages
   4. Face ID or Touch ID settings
   5. Apple Pay information and settings
   6. Apple Mail data
   7. Apple Music
8. WhatsApp --> Take a backup of chats and media from within the WhatsApp App. Use the same Phone number as that of your earlier iPhone and activate the account in the new iPhone too. That's it.
9. Shazam Account --> Access your Shazams on all your devices or online - Apple ...