Messages Partially Doesn't Work on Studio Mac

In your opening post you report that you had to wipe and re-install your macOS, in this case you might find that you need to re-enable, or at least disable and re-enable text message forwarding for the Mac Studio in your iPhone messages config.

In your iPhone go to Settings > Messages > Text Message Forwarding then click the link "X" Devices > (where the "X" is the number of Apple devices that you have enabled text messages that arrive on your iPhone to be forwarded on to other apple devices) and in that page you will see slider buttons against the other Apple devices you own.

You should see a slider button against the entry for Mac Studio, the button should be to switched to the right and the button colour green.

If it is not selected and showing green then slide the button over to the right and then iPhone texts should be forwarded on to your Mac Studio.

If it is already green then disable the selection, exit settings and reboot your iPhone then go back to iPhone message settings and re-enable that option.

If your Mac Studio does not appear in that list then go back to Settings > (Your user name) > "Apple ID, iCloud etc" > iCloud > tap "Show All" > Messages, against Messages should be displayed "On", if it is "off" click the ">" symbol and enable the option "Sync this iPhone".

Finally, in your Mac Studio open the Messages App, from the tool bar menu select settings, click the @iMessage tab.

The option "Enable Messages in iCloud" should be enabled and the button to the right of your Apple ID name should show "Sign Out".

Click the button to "Sign Out" and wait while the sign out process completes then sign back-in and ensure that the option "Enable Messages in iCloud is selected.

If the option to "Enable Messages in iCloud" was already deselected and the button to the right of your Apple ID was already showing "Sign In" when you first opened the @iMessage tab then simply sign-in and click the "Enable Messages in iCloud" option.

HTH

Give this a try: boot into Safe Mode according to How to use safe mode on your Mac , reboot normally and test to see if the problem persists.

NOTE 1: Safe Mode boot can take up to 3 - 5 minutes as it's doing the following; 

• Verifies your startup disk and attempts to repair directory issues, if needed

• Loads only required kernel extensions (prevents 3rd party kernel/extensions from loading)

• Prevents Startup Items and Login Items from opening automatically

• Disables user-installed fonts 

• Deletes font caches, kernel cache, and other system cache files

NOTE 2: if you have a wireless keyboard with rechargeable batteries connect it with its charging cable before booting into Safe Mode. This makes it act as a wired keyboard as will insure a successful boot into Safe Mode.

If that doesn't help Create and log into a new, basic, admin user account, Set up users, guests, and groups on Mac,  and see if the problem persists. This tells us if the problem is limited to your user account or is system wide.

Note:  do not launch any 3rd party apps in the account so as to not install any of the supporting files that most create.

If the problem isn't present then your original account probably has software installed that might be causing the problem.  

Have you installed and run any "cleaning", "optimizing", "speed-up", anti-virus or VPN apps on your Mac?

Did you turn on Messages in iCloud?

Messages App -> Settings -> iMessages -> Enable Messages in iCloud

There's also a Sync Now button.

Did you try logging out of iCloud on the phone and the Mac Studio and logging back on? You didn't change carriers recently?