Most of that stuff has no business being in iCloud Drive. Make sure that you have these folders somewhere else on you Mac.
I think that you may not fully get what iCloud does. iCloud Drive is a folder on your Mac. If you see a file or folder there, then you are seeing the that file or folder on your Mac. Putting a file in iCloud Drive just moves it to the iCloud Drive folder on your Mac from wherever it was on your Mac before. Otherwise, it's the same. Dragging a file from, say, Documents to iCloud Drive is exactly the same as dragging it from there to any place else on your Mac.
Things in your iCloud Drive are copied to iCloud.com where you can see them and use them from the browser. If you have other devices connected to iCloud, then the contents of iCloud Drive can be seen and used on those other machines, as well. But, the file or folder is local to you. This applies to anything you put in the iCloud Drive folder.
If you have "Optimize Mac Storage" turned on, then when your Mac's hard drive gets really full, like only 10% is free, some lesser used files will be removed to make room. When you need one of those removed files, the Mac will grab the copy at iCloud.com and copy it to your Mac where it will again become a local file. You always use local files. This should all happen transparently. Perhaps the biggest downside of "Optimize" is that backups may not include all your files. I don't do "Optimize" on my Mac, though I use it on my iPhone which has way less storage. To keep the room I need on my MacBook, I put stuff on a tiny (like 1 ounce) SSD that I carry around. I try to keep 20% of my internal drive free.
It looks like you tried putting some stuff in iCloud Drive that shouldn't have been there, and then you severed the connection, leaving copies at iCloud. You can go to iCloud.com to see what's there, and you can delete things on the web site. Try that with a thing or two and see if that does what you want.
Let us know how it goes...