Is not only this. I am having issues with iCloud mail services too (yes - that is correct - apple icloud service mail and mail app : ). On Mac all folders being synced correctly, however on iphone some subfolders, mails are dissapearing - so there is a clear bug with mail app after IOS 18 upgrade.
Problem you mentioned with certs they had for ages and they never fixed (this was since 2011). After each setup I had to recreate mail accounts (imagine this doing for multiple business and family accounts - for every family member after every IOS upgrade). Is not funny Apple! Your support useless. Every time I am trying to explain this issue to tech guys I am being ignored or they admitting is a bug and telling me that not much can be done.