Apple's developers broke the NTFS driver native to macOS - unsurprisingly.
You can mount and navigate volumes, but it will always error out -50 when you try to copy data from the disk to anywhere else.
I've tried with 4 different SSDs as well as multiple different enclosures, including an OWC Express TB3 enclosure.
If Formatted as NTFS, the drives error out. If formatted as APFS, you can fill the drive up with data and then copy all of that data to another disk.
So, it's not a disk problem. It's not an enclosure problem. It's 100% an issue with the NTFS driver in the OS.
No fix for this until Apple fixes it themselves (prepare to wait 1-3 months).
You can always get a third party driver, but it's a waste of money when you only need read access to NTFS drives and this has worked without issues for the past decade (for me, at least).
I noticed this when I tried to copy something off of a T5 drive. Copied the data on a PC to an NVMe and had the same issue. Tried another NVMe and had the same issue. Switched enclosures and had the same issue. Installed it in my Tb Dock's internal NVMe slot and had the same issue.
The only fix is to use APFS, which is obviously an unworkable solution.
I haven't tried ExFAT yet. That may create issues with file paths, etc.
I think I will hook the drive up to my router and use that, instead. At least as a stop gap. Set up a network share and accept the massively slower transfer speeds.