Large capacity external disk cannot be recognized

The external disk worked fine on Windows and Mac until the last Mac upgrade, when it could not be recognized by Mac, but it still worked fine on Windows. Mac can recognize the card reader of the external disk, but not the external disk (running diskutil list did not list the external disk).

I used two Macs updated to the latest version to test, and the external disk could not be recognized, with exactly the same phenomenon. However, when I tested it with an old Mac with macOS version 13, the external disk could be recognized normally.

The external disk is a U.2 interface disk with a capacity of 3.68T, connected to the Mac using a U.2 to Thunderbolt 3 disk box.