Console is a list of log reports that the system generates automatically and Terminal is a low level command interface to make changes to your System.
The log reports seen in Console have little use other than for the Developer/Engineer where they instructed the computer to produce a log at a certain time. If you have an issue with your computer and open a Support Ticket with Apple, they may request a certain log that they can use to assist with a resolution. They use special decoding software to make sense of them and also compare them to known signatures where similar issues have been reported.
Terminal is powerful, but also dangerous if you do not know what you are doing. Entire folders can be removed from your computer with a mistype of a single character and can result in your computer not being able to start up. There are no guard rails that will stop you from doing something catastrophic.