Why is it so counter intuitive to move files from the download folder to another folder?

"1) I try it by shifting them to a proper map by keep the mouseclick down and move all the files. But when I move the files to the side menu "Document Folder", the folder doesn't open automatically. Very annoying."

When you drag something over a folder in the window Sidebar, it opens immediately if you press the space bar; or it opens without pressing anything, after a delay that depends on the preferences set.

So you can press space, or you can change the delay, in System Preferences->Accessibility->Trackpad & Mouse.

If you make it very short, it will open nearly instantly.

I guess this will make it much closer to what you are intending to do.

"2) I try it by shifting them to a proper map via the column view. But Apple for some reason does not show higher rank folders then the current folder. So I can not shift to other maps."

You can move up the hierarchy in Column View by pressing command-up arrow, and folders above the present one will be presented.

Open two Finder windows. One for the Downloads folder as the source and a second Finder window for the destination of the items. Drag & drop will by default move the items if the source and destination folders are located on the same volume (meaning the original folder will no longer contain the items). You can hold down modifier keys as you drag & drop if you want to copy the items or create an alias.

If you are looking for Windows File Explorer type of functionality, then you won't get it from the Finder.

I use Command+C to copy file and Option+Command+V to MOVE file

Luis - thanks for posting the location of Spring Loaded folder settings. I couldn't find the darn thing!